It is clear by the definition of biological diversity that it is impossible to comprehensively describe threats, development or status either nationally or on a global scale. Incomplete taxonomical knowledge and a general lack of inventory data on biological resources and ecosystems, especially in developing countries, obstructs the assessment of the status of the global biological diversity. However, there is a rough concensus about which are the most important threats, and what are their general influences on biological diversity.

According to the research organisation Millennium Ecosystem Assessment the most important threats to biodiversity on a global scal are habitat change, climate change, invasive alien species, overexploatation and pollution. The consequences are in many places severe for local communities whose subsistence and long-term survival is threatened by biodiversity loss.

Due to the complexity of the issues there is a need for statistical indicators that are relevant and cost-efficient. The adoption within the EU and the CBD of the so called 2010 biodiversity target has increased the political pressure to implement CBD decision and to develop monitoring processes, and in recent years important steps have been taken towards the development of indicators both within the European and the global fora.

Presented here are a number of sources of general information, beyond this we refer to the issue areas on our portal.

The Forest
The Farmland
Lakes and Watercourses
Sea and Coast
Alien species


Sweden

Sweden has reported to the Convention, on the general status of biodiversity, in its Country study (published in edited version: Bernes, C (Ed.) 1994. Biological diversity in Sweden - Monitor, 14, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, ISBN 91-620-1144-8). Two national reports have been produced on the progress in implementation of the Convention, and thematic reports have been submitted on alien species and on forest ecosystems (see the list of National reports at the CBD web site.

The Environmental Objectives Council publishes annual reports, where the progress towards the environmental quality objectives, adopted by the Swedish Parliament, is evaluated (download de Facto 2003 in pdf format 1,9 MB; previous editions are found at Bokhandeln . The authorities are also developing a set of indicators covering, inter alia, biological diversity. Read more on the web site of the Environmental Objectives Council .

Statistics Sweden continuously presents data on our environment and biological diversity. Information about the status of biodiversity is presented by the National Environmental Monitoring Programme, data can be searched at various data hosts connected to the monitoring activities.

The status for threatened species you will find at The Threatened Species Unit

Data about soil and vegetation principally based on The Site Survey is found at Soilinfo

The National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden, NILS is a national programme for the monitoring of biodiversity and changes in the Swedish landscape. The programme was initiated in 2002 and will be running at full scale from 2003.

Guidelines for Assessing Environmental Quality Criteria is a classifying system for facilitating the interpretation of environmental data.

 


International

Global level

The sixth Conference of the Parties to CBD in 2002 adopted the goal to significantly reduce the rate of loss of biodiversity by 2010. This goal was also adopted by the World Summit on Sustainable Development later the same year. The 2010 goal is important for increasing the pressure towards implementing the CBD.

The seventh Conference of the parties in February 2004 decided to launch a small set of global trial biodiversity indicators. The conference also adopted guidelines for the development of national and regional indicators.

Among the important global actors for the monitoring of biodiversity are:

UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

Europe and the EU

Also the EU has set a goal to halt the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. This goal was adopted at the Göteborg summit in 2010. Read more about the work towards the 2010 target in Europe at Countdown 2010.

Within the EU the European Environment Agency EEA, in Copenhagen carries out the task of compiling data on the status of the environment, and regularly present reports about the status of the biological diversity in Europe. The EEA is currently heading the development of a coordinated system of environmental monitoring in Europe. In this context, a core set of biodiversity indicators is being developed by the European Topic Centre on Nature Protection and Biodiversity, in consultation with the national authorities.

EEA is also responsible for the EU portal for the convention "European Community Clearing-House Mechanism"

Here can also be mentioned the EU institution for statistics, EUROSTAT

There are also a number of pan-European co-operations concerning biological diversity, i.e. those which does not have EU as starting-point. In April 2004 a coordination team for the development of pan-European biodiversity indicators was formed as a response to the CBD decision in 2004 on global indicators for biodiversity.


The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is the Swedish national focal point for the Clearing-House Mechanism of the convention.
Responsible for the page: Lars Berg
Last updated: 30 September 2005